female circumcision

As a case of the bizarre effects of competition between scholars , take some recent exchanges on female circumcision .

体现学者之间竞争的奇异效果的一个实例是最近就女性割礼问题进行的某些交流。

Alice Walker s Possessing the Secret of Joy : A Daring Exposure of Female Circumcision ;

一部大胆揭露女性割礼的小说&读爱丽丝·沃克的小说《拥有快乐的秘密》

most of the time in my community , when the girl is getting married young , that is when they undergo female circumcision .

大部分情况下，如果一个女孩接受了割礼，那么她就要结婚了。

Traditionally the payment is made with cows , but today money can also be exchanged . When the marriage will soon take place , the girl must undergo a custom that some call female circumcision . Others denounce this practice followed in Masai and other cultures as female

一结婚，女孩们就必须行所谓的女性割礼，有人谴责马萨等文化中的这种习俗，称之为女性生殖器切割。

She not only discloses the hard and miserable existence of the black women who suffer from the sexual , racial and class oppression but also pays close attention to the existence of the Third-World black women , criticizing harshly the tradition of female circumcision in Africa .

她不仅深刻地揭露了黑人妇女在性别主义、种族主义及阶级压迫下生存的艰难和痛苦，而且还密切关注第三世界妇女的生存状况，对非洲女性的割礼风俗进行了猛烈的批判。